Updated: 2016-01-30 18:10 EST
touch
vi/vim, nano
head, tail
cat, more, less
head, tail
mkdir
mv
(including using ..
)cp
rm, rmdir
find
using “wildcard” (GLOB) patterns - same as shell GLOB.bash_history
fileCheck the due date for each assignment and put a reminder in your agenda, calendar, and digital assistant.
PS1 find mkdir mv cp
Worksheets are preparation for your assignments. You can’t do the assignments without having done the worksheets first.
Form a small study group to do the worksheets. Each person tries the example given, and you make sure you all get the same answers. Worksheets are not for hand-in; they are not worth marks; the assignments test your knowledge of the lectures and worksheets.
The worksheets are available in four formats: Open Office (ODT), PDF, HTML, and Text. Only the Open Office format allows you “fill in the blanks” in the worksheet. The PDF format looks good but doesn’t allow you to type into the blanks in the worksheet. The HTML format is crude but useful for quick for viewing online.
Do NOT open the Worksheet ODT files using any Microsoft products; they will mangle the format and mis-number the questions. Use the free Libre Office or Open Office programs to open these ODT documents. On campus, you can download Libre Office here.
PS1, cd, find, less, ls, man, mkdir, passwd, pwd, rmdir
cat, clear, cp, find, grep, history, less, man, mv, rm, sleep, touch
alias, sum, unalias
vim
vimtutor
program on the CLS.Read the Test Instructions (all the words) before your midterm tests.
Tests take place in class in your one-hour lecture hour, not in your lab period.
Take notes in class! Your in-class notes would go here.
This week, we finish with using pathnames and learn how to find files and match file names with GLOB patterns.
Five students have had their CLS accounts disabled because they have not changed their default password. (I do not want people breaking into my machine because of you.)
See my online timetable for how to make an office appointment to see me if you want your account back.
Your time as a student is valuable. If you come up against a tough problem and make no progress in fifteen minutes despite best efforts:
This happens to all of us, and we need to watch out for it when it happens.
But what about when it’s midnight before the assignment is due?
Remember the “Don’t Leave Things to the Last Minute” rule!
Keep a notebook with a List of Commands in it. - You need to write down yourself what each command does. - I will check for this list in your lab periods. - Check the updated list of commands each week.
rmdir
command will only remove an empty directory.
The copy command cp
will not copy directories unless you use the right option. (You know this option from doing Section 3 of Worksheet #03 HTML.)
cp
and rename/move command mv
can both accept a directory as the destination, and will put all the source files into that destination directory using the source file name(s):
bar
is a directory, then cp foo bar
creates file bar/foo
bar
is a directory, then mv foo bar
creates file bar/foo
bar
is not a directory, then cp foo bar
creates file bar
bar
is not a directory, then mv foo bar
creates file bar
assignment02.txt
Index78 of 87 students submitted the first assignment. Five people were late.
Four did not Read All The Words and did not upload the output of the marking check program.
Three people did not Read All The Words and uploaded the wrong file name:
Bad file name: assingment02.txt
Bad file name: cal.txt
Bad file name: cal.
Number of locked out IP addresses and attempts to use locked-out IP addresses in /etc/hosts.evil
:
$ wc /etc/hosts.evil
$ fgrep -c 'refused' /var/log/auth.log
$ fgrep 'refused' /var/log/auth.log | less
Count the unique locked-out addresses and show the top twenty:
$ fgrep 'refused' /var/log/auth.log | awk '{print $NF}' | sort -u | wc
$ fgrep 'refused' /var/log/auth.log | awk '{print $NF}' \
| sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 20
Password failures:
$ fgrep -c 'Failed' /var/log/auth.log
$ fgrep 'Failed' /var/log/auth.log | less
Userid failures:
$ fgrep -c 'input_userauth' /var/log/auth.log
$ fgrep 'input_userauth' /var/log/auth.log | less
You can use the whois
command on Linux to identify which country is responsible for an IP address, or use a Web Whois Lookup. (The Linux whois
command is blocked from use at Algonquin College, except if you are on the CLS. You can’t use the Linux command in your own Linux machines on campus. Use it on the CLS or use the web interface instead.)
From the log file on the CLS early today:
Jan 27 00:30:44 Invalid user j from 70.26.110.71
Jan 27 00:31:42 Failed password for invalid user j from 70.26.110.71
Jan 27 00:37:37 Invalid user j from 70.26.110.71
Jan 27 00:37:50 Failed password for invalid user j from 70.26.110.71
Jan 27 00:38:17 Failed password for invalid user j from 70.26.110.71
Jan 27 01:01:22 Invalid user j from 70.26.110.71
Jan 27 01:01:38 refused connect from bas1-orleans06-1176137287.dsl.bell.ca (70.26.110.71)
When you are locked out, follow the directions in the notes to get your IP address re-enabled.